<?php

namespace Curl;

use Curl\ArrayUtil;
use Curl\Decoder;

class Curl
{
    const VERSION = '8.3.1';
    const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 30;

    public $curl;
    public $id = null;

    public $error = false;
    public $errorCode = 0;
    public $errorMessage = null;

    public $curlError = false;
    public $curlErrorCode = 0;
    public $curlErrorMessage = null;

    public $httpError = false;
    public $httpStatusCode = 0;
    public $httpErrorMessage = null;

    public $url = null;
    public $requestHeaders = null;
    public $responseHeaders = null;
    public $rawResponseHeaders = '';
    public $responseCookies = array();
    public $response = null;
    public $rawResponse = null;

    public $beforeSendCallback = null;
    public $downloadCompleteCallback = null;
    public $successCallback = null;
    public $errorCallback = null;
    public $completeCallback = null;
    public $fileHandle = null;

    public $attempts = 0;
    public $retries = 0;
    public $childOfMultiCurl = false;
    public $remainingRetries = 0;
    public $retryDecider = null;

    public $jsonDecoder = null;
    public $xmlDecoder = null;

    private $cookies = array();
    private $headers = array();
    private $options = array();

    private $jsonDecoderArgs = array();
    private $jsonPattern = '/^(?:application|text)\/(?:[a-z]+(?:[\.-][0-9a-z]+){0,}[\+\.]|x-)?json(?:-[a-z]+)?/i';
    private $xmlDecoderArgs = array();
    private $xmlPattern = '~^(?:text/|application/(?:atom\+|rss\+|soap\+)?)xml~i';
    private $defaultDecoder = null;

    public static $RFC2616 = array(
        // RFC 2616: "any CHAR except CTLs or separators".
        // CHAR           = <any US-ASCII character (octets 0 - 127)>
        // CTL            = <any US-ASCII control character
        //                  (octets 0 - 31) and DEL (127)>
        // separators     = "(" | ")" | "<" | ">" | "@"
        //                | "," | ";" | ":" | "\" | <">
        //                | "/" | "[" | "]" | "?" | "="
        //                | "{" | "}" | SP | HT
        // SP             = <US-ASCII SP, space (32)>
        // HT             = <US-ASCII HT, horizontal-tab (9)>
        // <">            = <US-ASCII double-quote mark (34)>
        '!', '#', '$', '%', '&', "'", '*', '+', '-', '.', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B',
        'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X',
        'Y', 'Z', '^', '_', '`', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q',
        'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '|', '~',
    );
    public static $RFC6265 = array(
        // RFC 6265: "US-ASCII characters excluding CTLs, whitespace DQUOTE, comma, semicolon, and backslash".
        // %x21
        '!',
        // %x23-2B
        '#', '$', '%', '&', "'", '(', ')', '*', '+',
        // %x2D-3A
        '-', '.', '/', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', ':',
        // %x3C-5B
        '<', '=', '>', '?', '@', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q',
        'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', '[',
        // %x5D-7E
        ']', '^', '_', '`', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r',
        's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '{', '|', '}', '~',
    );

    private static $deferredProperties = array(
        'effectiveUrl',
        'rfc2616',
        'rfc6265',
        'totalTime',
    );

    /**
     * Construct
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $base_url
     * @throws \ErrorException
     */
    public function __construct($base_url = null)
    {
        if (!extension_loaded('curl')) {
            throw new \ErrorException('cURL library is not loaded');
        }

        $this->curl = curl_init();
        $this->initialize($base_url);
    }

    /**
     * Before Send
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $callback
     */
    public function beforeSend($callback)
    {
        $this->beforeSendCallback = $callback;
    }

    /**
     * Build Post Data
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $data
     *
     * @return array|string
     * @throws \ErrorException
     */
    public function buildPostData($data)
    {
        $binary_data = false;

        // Return JSON-encoded string when the request's content-type is JSON and the data is serializable.
        if (isset($this->headers['Content-Type']) &&
            preg_match($this->jsonPattern, $this->headers['Content-Type']) &&
            (
                is_array($data) ||
                (
                    is_object($data) &&
                    interface_exists('JsonSerializable', false) &&
                    $data instanceof \JsonSerializable
                )
            )) {
            $data = \Curl\Encoder::encodeJson($data);
        } elseif (is_array($data)) {
            // Manually build a single-dimensional array from a multi-dimensional array as using curl_setopt($ch,
            // CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data) doesn't correctly handle multi-dimensional arrays when files are
            // referenced.
            if (ArrayUtil::is_array_multidim($data)) {
                $data = ArrayUtil::array_flatten_multidim($data);
            }

            // Modify array values to ensure any referenced files are properly handled depending on the support of
            // the @filename API or CURLFile usage. This also fixes the warning "curl_setopt(): The usage of the
            // @filename API for file uploading is deprecated. Please use the CURLFile class instead". Ignore
            // non-file values prefixed with the @ character.
            foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
                if (is_string($value) && strpos($value, '@') === 0 && is_file(substr($value, 1))) {
                    $binary_data = true;
                    if (class_exists('CURLFile')) {
                        $data[$key] = new \CURLFile(substr($value, 1));
                    }
                } elseif ($value instanceof \CURLFile) {
                    $binary_data = true;
                }
            }
        }

        if (!$binary_data && (is_array($data) || is_object($data))) {
            $data = http_build_query($data, '', '&');
        }

        return $data;
    }

    /**
     * Call
     *
     * @access public
     */
    public function call()
    {
        $args = func_get_args();
        $function = array_shift($args);
        if (is_callable($function)) {
            array_unshift($args, $this);
            call_user_func_array($function, $args);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Close
     *
     * @access public
     */
    public function close()
    {
        if (is_resource($this->curl)) {
            curl_close($this->curl);
        }
        $this->options = null;
        $this->jsonDecoder = null;
        $this->jsonDecoderArgs = null;
        $this->xmlDecoder = null;
        $this->xmlDecoderArgs = null;
        $this->defaultDecoder = null;
    }

    /**
     * Complete
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $callback
     */
    public function complete($callback)
    {
        $this->completeCallback = $callback;
    }

    /**
     * Progress
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $callback
     */
    public function progress($callback)
    {
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION, $callback);
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, false);
    }

    /**
     * Delete
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $url
     * @param  $query_parameters
     * @param  $data
     *
     * @return mixed Returns the value provided by exec.
     */
    public function delete($url, $query_parameters = array(), $data = array())
    {
        if (is_array($url)) {
            $data = $query_parameters;
            $query_parameters = $url;
            $url = (string)$this->url;
        }

        $this->setUrl($url, $query_parameters);
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'DELETE');
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $this->buildPostData($data));
        return $this->exec();
    }

    /**
     * Download
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $url
     * @param  $mixed_filename
     *
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function download($url, $mixed_filename)
    {
        if (is_callable($mixed_filename)) {
            $this->downloadCompleteCallback = $mixed_filename;
            $this->fileHandle = tmpfile();
        } else {
            $filename = $mixed_filename;

            // Use a temporary file when downloading. Not using a temporary file can cause an error when an existing
            // file has already fully completed downloading and a new download is started with the same destination save
            // path. The download request will include header "Range: bytes=$filesize-" which is syntactically valid,
            // but unsatisfiable.
            $download_filename = $filename . '.pccdownload';

            $mode = 'wb';
            // Attempt to resume download only when a temporary download file exists and is not empty.
            if (file_exists($download_filename) && $filesize = filesize($download_filename)) {
                $mode = 'ab';
                $first_byte_position = $filesize;
                $range = $first_byte_position . '-';
                $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_RANGE, $range);
            }
            $this->fileHandle = fopen($download_filename, $mode);

            // Move the downloaded temporary file to the destination save path.
            $this->downloadCompleteCallback = function ($instance, $fh) use ($download_filename, $filename) {
                // Close the open file handle before renaming the file.
                if (is_resource($fh)) {
                    fclose($fh);
                }

                rename($download_filename, $filename);
            };
        }

        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_FILE, $this->fileHandle);
        $this->get($url);

        return ! $this->error;
    }

    /**
     * Error
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $callback
     */
    public function error($callback)
    {
        $this->errorCallback = $callback;
    }

    /**
     * Exec
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $ch
     *
     * @return mixed Returns the value provided by parseResponse.
     */
    public function exec($ch = null)
    {
        $this->attempts += 1;

        if ($this->jsonDecoder === null) {
            $this->setDefaultJsonDecoder();
        }
        if ($this->xmlDecoder === null) {
            $this->setDefaultXmlDecoder();
        }

        if ($ch === null) {
            $this->responseCookies = array();
            $this->call($this->beforeSendCallback);
            $this->rawResponse = curl_exec($this->curl);
            $this->curlErrorCode = curl_errno($this->curl);
            $this->curlErrorMessage = curl_error($this->curl);
        } else {
            $this->rawResponse = curl_multi_getcontent($ch);
            $this->curlErrorMessage = curl_error($ch);
        }
        $this->curlError = !($this->curlErrorCode === 0);

        // Transfer the header callback data and release the temporary store to avoid memory leak.
        $this->rawResponseHeaders = $this->headerCallbackData->rawResponseHeaders;
        $this->responseCookies = $this->headerCallbackData->responseCookies;
        $this->headerCallbackData->rawResponseHeaders = '';
        $this->headerCallbackData->responseCookies = array();

        // Include additional error code information in error message when possible.
        if ($this->curlError && function_exists('curl_strerror')) {
            $this->curlErrorMessage =
                curl_strerror($this->curlErrorCode) . (
                    empty($this->curlErrorMessage) ? '' : ': ' . $this->curlErrorMessage
                );
        }

        $this->httpStatusCode = $this->getInfo(CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
        $this->httpError = in_array(floor($this->httpStatusCode / 100), array(4, 5));
        $this->error = $this->curlError || $this->httpError;
        $this->errorCode = $this->error ? ($this->curlError ? $this->curlErrorCode : $this->httpStatusCode) : 0;

        // NOTE: CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT set to true is required for requestHeaders
        // to not be empty (e.g. $curl->setOpt(CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT, true);).
        if ($this->getOpt(CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT) === true) {
            $this->requestHeaders = $this->parseRequestHeaders($this->getInfo(CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT));
        }
        $this->responseHeaders = $this->parseResponseHeaders($this->rawResponseHeaders);
        $this->response = $this->parseResponse($this->responseHeaders, $this->rawResponse);

        $this->httpErrorMessage = '';
        if ($this->error) {
            if (isset($this->responseHeaders['Status-Line'])) {
                $this->httpErrorMessage = $this->responseHeaders['Status-Line'];
            }
        }
        $this->errorMessage = $this->curlError ? $this->curlErrorMessage : $this->httpErrorMessage;

        // Reset select deferred properties so that they may be recalculated.
        unset($this->effectiveUrl);
        unset($this->totalTime);

        // Reset content-length header possibly set from a PUT or SEARCH request.
        $this->unsetHeader('Content-Length');

        // Reset nobody setting possibly set from a HEAD request.
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_NOBODY, false);

        // Allow multicurl to attempt retry as needed.
        if ($this->isChildOfMultiCurl()) {
            return;
        }

        if ($this->attemptRetry()) {
            return $this->exec($ch);
        }

        $this->execDone();

        return $this->response;
    }

    public function execDone()
    {
        if ($this->error) {
            $this->call($this->errorCallback);
        } else {
            $this->call($this->successCallback);
        }

        $this->call($this->completeCallback);

        // Close open file handles and reset the curl instance.
        if (!($this->fileHandle === null)) {
            $this->downloadComplete($this->fileHandle);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $url
     * @param  $data
     *
     * @return mixed Returns the value provided by exec.
     */
    public function get($url, $data = array())
    {
        if (is_array($url)) {
            $data = $url;
            $url = (string)$this->url;
        }
        $this->setUrl($url, $data);
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'GET');
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_HTTPGET, true);
        return $this->exec();
    }

    /**
     * Get Info
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $opt
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getInfo($opt = null)
    {
        $args = array();
        $args[] = $this->curl;

        if (func_num_args()) {
            $args[] = $opt;
        }

        return call_user_func_array('curl_getinfo', $args);
    }

    /**
     * Get Opt
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $option
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getOpt($option)
    {
        return isset($this->options[$option]) ? $this->options[$option] : null;
    }

    /**
     * Head
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $url
     * @param  $data
     *
     * @return mixed Returns the value provided by exec.
     */
    public function head($url, $data = array())
    {
        if (is_array($url)) {
            $data = $url;
            $url = (string)$this->url;
        }
        $this->setUrl($url, $data);
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'HEAD');
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_NOBODY, true);
        return $this->exec();
    }

    /**
     * Options
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $url
     * @param  $data
     *
     * @return mixed Returns the value provided by exec.
     */
    public function options($url, $data = array())
    {
        if (is_array($url)) {
            $data = $url;
            $url = (string)$this->url;
        }
        $this->setUrl($url, $data);
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'OPTIONS');
        return $this->exec();
    }

    /**
     * Patch
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $url
     * @param  $data
     *
     * @return mixed Returns the value provided by exec.
     */
    public function patch($url, $data = array())
    {
        if (is_array($url)) {
            $data = $url;
            $url = (string)$this->url;
        }

        if (is_array($data) && empty($data)) {
            $this->removeHeader('Content-Length');
        }

        $this->setUrl($url);
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'PATCH');
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $this->buildPostData($data));
        return $this->exec();
    }

    /**
     * Post
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $url
     * @param  $data
     * @param  $follow_303_with_post
     *     If true, will cause 303 redirections to be followed using a POST request (default: false).
     *     Notes:
     *       - Redirections are only followed if the CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION option is set to true.
     *       - According to the HTTP specs (see [1]), a 303 redirection should be followed using
     *         the GET method. 301 and 302 must not.
     *       - In order to force a 303 redirection to be performed using the same method, the
     *         underlying cURL object must be set in a special state (the CURLOPT_CURSTOMREQUEST
     *         option must be set to the method to use after the redirection). Due to a limitation
     *         of the cURL extension of PHP < 5.5.11 ([2], [3]) and of HHVM, it is not possible
     *         to reset this option. Using these PHP engines, it is therefore impossible to
     *         restore this behavior on an existing php-curl-class Curl object.
     *
     * @return mixed Returns the value provided by exec.
     *
     * [1] https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.2
     * [2] https://github.com/php/php-src/pull/531
     * [3] http://php.net/ChangeLog-5.php#5.5.11
     */
    public function post($url, $data = '', $follow_303_with_post = false)
    {
        if (is_array($url)) {
            $follow_303_with_post = (bool)$data;
            $data = $url;
            $url = (string)$this->url;
        }

        $this->setUrl($url);

        if ($follow_303_with_post) {
            $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'POST');
        } else {
            if (isset($this->options[CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST])) {
                if ((version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.5.11') < 0) || defined('HHVM_VERSION')) {
                    trigger_error(
                        'Due to technical limitations of PHP <= 5.5.11 and HHVM, it is not possible to '
                        . 'perform a post-redirect-get request using a php-curl-class Curl object that '
                        . 'has already been used to perform other types of requests. Either use a new '
                        . 'php-curl-class Curl object or upgrade your PHP engine.',
                        E_USER_ERROR
                    );
                } else {
                    $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, null);
                }
            }
        }

        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_POST, true);
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $this->buildPostData($data));
        return $this->exec();
    }

    /**
     * Put
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $url
     * @param  $data
     *
     * @return mixed Returns the value provided by exec.
     */
    public function put($url, $data = array())
    {
        if (is_array($url)) {
            $data = $url;
            $url = (string)$this->url;
        }
        $this->setUrl($url);
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'PUT');
        $put_data = $this->buildPostData($data);
        if (empty($this->options[CURLOPT_INFILE]) && empty($this->options[CURLOPT_INFILESIZE])) {
            if (is_string($put_data)) {
                $this->setHeader('Content-Length', strlen($put_data));
            }
        }
        if (!empty($put_data)) {
            $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $put_data);
        }
        return $this->exec();
    }

    /**
     * Search
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $url
     * @param  $data
     *
     * @return mixed Returns the value provided by exec.
     */
    public function search($url, $data = array())
    {
        if (is_array($url)) {
            $data = $url;
            $url = (string)$this->url;
        }
        $this->setUrl($url);
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'SEARCH');
        $put_data = $this->buildPostData($data);
        if (empty($this->options[CURLOPT_INFILE]) && empty($this->options[CURLOPT_INFILESIZE])) {
            if (is_string($put_data)) {
                $this->setHeader('Content-Length', strlen($put_data));
            }
        }
        if (!empty($put_data)) {
            $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $put_data);
        }
        return $this->exec();
    }

    /**
     * Set Basic Authentication
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $username
     * @param  $password
     */
    public function setBasicAuthentication($username, $password = '')
    {
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, CURLAUTH_BASIC);
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_USERPWD, $username . ':' . $password);
    }

    /**
     * Set Digest Authentication
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $username
     * @param  $password
     */
    public function setDigestAuthentication($username, $password = '')
    {
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, CURLAUTH_DIGEST);
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_USERPWD, $username . ':' . $password);
    }

    /**
     * Set Cookie
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $key
     * @param  $value
     */
    public function setCookie($key, $value)
    {
        $this->setEncodedCookie($key, $value);
        $this->buildCookies();
    }

    /**
     * Set Cookies
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $cookies
     */
    public function setCookies($cookies)
    {
        foreach ($cookies as $key => $value) {
            $this->setEncodedCookie($key, $value);
        }
        $this->buildCookies();
    }

    /**
     * Get Cookie
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $key
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getCookie($key)
    {
        return $this->getResponseCookie($key);
    }

    /**
     * Get Response Cookie
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $key
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getResponseCookie($key)
    {
        return isset($this->responseCookies[$key]) ? $this->responseCookies[$key] : null;
    }

    /**
     * Set Max Filesize
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $bytes
     */
    public function setMaxFilesize($bytes)
    {
        // Make compatible with PHP version both before and after 5.5.0. PHP 5.5.0 added the cURL resource as the first
        // argument to the CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION callback.
        $gte_v550 = version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.5.0') >= 0;
        if ($gte_v550) {
            $callback = function ($resource, $download_size, $downloaded, $upload_size, $uploaded) use ($bytes) {
                // Abort the transfer when $downloaded bytes exceeds maximum $bytes by returning a non-zero value.
                return $downloaded > $bytes ? 1 : 0;
            };
        } else {
            $callback = function ($download_size, $downloaded, $upload_size, $uploaded) use ($bytes) {
                return $downloaded > $bytes ? 1 : 0;
            };
        }

        $this->progress($callback);
    }

    /**
     * Set Port
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $port
     */
    public function setPort($port)
    {
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_PORT, intval($port));
    }

    /**
     * Set Connect Timeout
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $seconds
     */
    public function setConnectTimeout($seconds)
    {
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, $seconds);
    }

    /**
     * Set Cookie String
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $string
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function setCookieString($string)
    {
        return $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_COOKIE, $string);
    }

    /**
     * Set Cookie File
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $cookie_file
     *
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function setCookieFile($cookie_file)
    {
        return $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $cookie_file);
    }

    /**
     * Set Cookie Jar
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $cookie_jar
     *
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function setCookieJar($cookie_jar)
    {
        return $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $cookie_jar);
    }

    /**
     * Set Default JSON Decoder
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $assoc
     * @param  $depth
     * @param  $options
     */
    public function setDefaultJsonDecoder()
    {
        $this->jsonDecoder = '\Curl\Decoder::decodeJson';
        $this->jsonDecoderArgs = func_get_args();
    }

    /**
     * Set Default XML Decoder
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $class_name
     * @param  $options
     * @param  $ns
     * @param  $is_prefix
     */
    public function setDefaultXmlDecoder()
    {
        $this->xmlDecoder = '\Curl\Decoder::decodeXml';
        $this->xmlDecoderArgs = func_get_args();
    }

    /**
     * Set Default Decoder
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $mixed boolean|callable|string
     */
    public function setDefaultDecoder($mixed = 'json')
    {
        if ($mixed === false) {
            $this->defaultDecoder = false;
        } elseif (is_callable($mixed)) {
            $this->defaultDecoder = $mixed;
        } else {
            if ($mixed === 'json') {
                $this->defaultDecoder = '\Curl\Decoder::decodeJson';
            } elseif ($mixed === 'xml') {
                $this->defaultDecoder = '\Curl\Decoder::decodeXml';
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set Default Timeout
     *
     * @access public
     */
    public function setDefaultTimeout()
    {
        $this->setTimeout(self::DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
    }

    /**
     * Set Default User Agent
     *
     * @access public
     */
    public function setDefaultUserAgent()
    {
        $user_agent = 'PHP-Curl-Class/' . self::VERSION . ' (+https://github.com/php-curl-class/php-curl-class)';
        $user_agent .= ' PHP/' . PHP_VERSION;
        $curl_version = curl_version();
        $user_agent .= ' curl/' . $curl_version['version'];
        $this->setUserAgent($user_agent);
    }

    /**
     * Set Header
     *
     * Add extra header to include in the request.
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $key
     * @param  $value
     */
    public function setHeader($key, $value)
    {
        $this->headers[$key] = $value;
        $headers = array();
        foreach ($this->headers as $key => $value) {
            $headers[] = $key . ': ' . $value;
        }
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);
    }

    /**
     * Set Headers
     *
     * Add extra headers to include in the request.
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $headers
     */
    public function setHeaders($headers)
    {
        foreach ($headers as $key => $value) {
            $this->headers[$key] = $value;
        }

        $headers = array();
        foreach ($this->headers as $key => $value) {
            $headers[] = $key . ': ' . $value;
        }
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);
    }

    /**
     * Set JSON Decoder
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $mixed boolean|callable
     */
    public function setJsonDecoder($mixed)
    {
        if ($mixed === false || is_callable($mixed)) {
            $this->jsonDecoder = $mixed;
            $this->jsonDecoderArgs = array();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set XML Decoder
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $mixed boolean|callable
     */
    public function setXmlDecoder($mixed)
    {
        if ($mixed === false || is_callable($mixed)) {
            $this->xmlDecoder = $mixed;
            $this->xmlDecoderArgs = array();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set Opt
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $option
     * @param  $value
     *
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function setOpt($option, $value)
    {
        $required_options = array(
            CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => 'CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER',
        );

        if (in_array($option, array_keys($required_options), true) && !($value === true)) {
            trigger_error($required_options[$option] . ' is a required option', E_USER_WARNING);
        }

        $success = curl_setopt($this->curl, $option, $value);
        if ($success) {
            $this->options[$option] = $value;
        }
        return $success;
    }

    /**
     * Set Opts
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $options
     *
     * @return boolean
     *   Returns true if all options were successfully set. If an option could not be successfully set, false is
     *   immediately returned, ignoring any future options in the options array. Similar to curl_setopt_array().
     */
    public function setOpts($options)
    {
        foreach ($options as $option => $value) {
            if (!$this->setOpt($option, $value)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Set Proxy
     *
     * Set an HTTP proxy to tunnel requests through.
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $proxy - The HTTP proxy to tunnel requests through. May include port number.
     * @param  $port - The port number of the proxy to connect to. This port number can also be set in $proxy.
     * @param  $username - The username to use for the connection to the proxy.
     * @param  $password - The password to use for the connection to the proxy.
     */
    public function setProxy($proxy, $port = null, $username = null, $password = null)
    {
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_PROXY, $proxy);
        if ($port !== null) {
            $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_PROXYPORT, $port);
        }
        if ($username !== null && $password !== null) {
            $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD, $username . ':' . $password);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set Proxy Auth
     *
     * Set the HTTP authentication method(s) to use for the proxy connection.
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $auth
     */
    public function setProxyAuth($auth)
    {
        $this-setOpt(CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH, $auth);
    }

    /**
     * Set Proxy Type
     *
     * Set the proxy protocol type.
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $type
     */
    public function setProxyType($type)
    {
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE, $type);
    }

    /**
     * Set Proxy Tunnel
     *
     * Set the proxy to tunnel through HTTP proxy.
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $tunnel boolean
     */
    public function setProxyTunnel($tunnel = true)
    {
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL, $tunnel);
    }

    /**
     * Unset Proxy
     *
     * Disable use of the proxy.
     *
     * @access public
     */
    public function unsetProxy()
    {
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_PROXY, null);
    }

    /**
     * Set Referer
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $referer
     */
    public function setReferer($referer)
    {
        $this->setReferrer($referer);
    }

    /**
     * Set Referrer
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $referrer
     */
    public function setReferrer($referrer)
    {
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_REFERER, $referrer);
    }

    /**
     * Set Retry
     *
     * Number of retries to attempt or decider callable. Maximum number of
     * attempts is $maximum_number_of_retries + 1.
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $mixed
     */
    public function setRetry($mixed)
    {
        if (is_callable($mixed)) {
            $this->retryDecider = $mixed;
        } elseif (is_int($mixed)) {
            $maximum_number_of_retries = $mixed;
            $this->remainingRetries = $maximum_number_of_retries;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set Timeout
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $seconds
     */
    public function setTimeout($seconds)
    {
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, $seconds);
    }

    /**
     * Set Url
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $url
     * @param  $mixed_data
     */
    public function setUrl($url, $mixed_data = '')
    {
        $built_url = $this->buildUrl($url, $mixed_data);

        if ($this->url === null) {
            $this->url = (string)new Url($built_url);
        } else {
            $this->url = (string)new Url($this->url, $built_url);
        }

        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_URL, $this->url);
    }

    /**
     * Set User Agent
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $user_agent
     */
    public function setUserAgent($user_agent)
    {
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $user_agent);
    }

    /**
     * Attempt Retry
     *
     * @access public
     */
    public function attemptRetry()
    {
        $attempt_retry = false;
        if ($this->error) {
            if ($this->retryDecider === null) {
                $attempt_retry = $this->remainingRetries >= 1;
            } else {
                $attempt_retry = call_user_func($this->retryDecider, $this);
            }
            if ($attempt_retry) {
                $this->retries += 1;
                if ($this->remainingRetries) {
                    $this->remainingRetries -= 1;
                }
            }
        }
        return $attempt_retry;
    }

    /**
     * Success
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $callback
     */
    public function success($callback)
    {
        $this->successCallback = $callback;
    }

    /**
     * Unset Header
     *
     * Remove extra header previously set using Curl::setHeader().
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $key
     */
    public function unsetHeader($key)
    {
        unset($this->headers[$key]);
        $headers = array();
        foreach ($this->headers as $key => $value) {
            $headers[] = $key . ': ' . $value;
        }
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);
    }

    /**
     * Remove Header
     *
     * Remove an internal header from the request.
     * Using `curl -H "Host:" ...' is equivalent to $curl->removeHeader('Host');.
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  $key
     */
    public function removeHeader($key)
    {
        $this->setHeader($key, '');
    }

    /**
     * Verbose
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  bool $on
     * @param  resource $output
     */
    public function verbose($on = true, $output = STDERR)
    {
        // Turn off CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT for verbose to work. This has the side
        // effect of causing Curl::requestHeaders to be empty.
        if ($on) {
            $this->setOpt(CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT, false);
        }
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_VERBOSE, $on);
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_STDERR, $output);
    }

    /**
     * Reset
     *
     * @access public
     */
    public function reset()
    {
        if (function_exists('curl_reset') && is_resource($this->curl)) {
            curl_reset($this->curl);
        } else {
            $this->curl = curl_init();
        }

        $this->initialize();
    }

    public function getCurl()
    {
        return $this->curl;
    }

    public function getId()
    {
        return $this->id;
    }

    public function isError()
    {
        return $this->error;
    }

    public function getErrorCode()
    {
        return $this->errorCode;
    }

    public function getErrorMessage()
    {
        return $this->errorMessage;
    }

    public function isCurlError()
    {
        return $this->curlError;
    }

    public function getCurlErrorCode()
    {
        return $this->curlErrorCode;
    }

    public function getCurlErrorMessage()
    {
        return $this->curlErrorMessage;
    }

    public function isHttpError()
    {
        return $this->httpError;
    }

    public function getHttpStatusCode()
    {
        return $this->httpStatusCode;
    }

    public function getHttpErrorMessage()
    {
        return $this->httpErrorMessage;
    }

    public function getUrl()
    {
        return $this->url;
    }

    public function getRequestHeaders()
    {
        return $this->requestHeaders;
    }

    public function getResponseHeaders()
    {
        return $this->responseHeaders;
    }

    public function getRawResponseHeaders()
    {
        return $this->rawResponseHeaders;
    }

    public function getResponseCookies()
    {
        return $this->responseCookies;
    }

    public function getResponse()
    {
        return $this->response;
    }

    public function getRawResponse()
    {
        return $this->rawResponse;
    }

    public function getBeforeSendCallback()
    {
        return $this->beforeSendCallback;
    }

    public function getDownloadCompleteCallback()
    {
        return $this->downloadCompleteCallback;
    }

    public function getSuccessCallback()
    {
        return $this->successCallback;
    }

    public function getErrorCallback()
    {
        return $this->errorCallback;
    }

    public function getCompleteCallback()
    {
        return $this->completeCallback;
    }

    public function getFileHandle()
    {
        return $this->fileHandle;
    }

    public function getAttempts()
    {
        return $this->attempts;
    }

    public function getRetries()
    {
        return $this->retries;
    }

    public function isChildOfMultiCurl()
    {
        return $this->childOfMultiCurl;
    }

    public function getRemainingRetries()
    {
        return $this->remainingRetries;
    }

    public function getRetryDecider()
    {
        return $this->retryDecider;
    }

    public function getJsonDecoder()
    {
        return $this->jsonDecoder;
    }

    public function getXmlDecoder()
    {
        return $this->xmlDecoder;
    }

    /**
     * Destruct
     *
     * @access public
     */
    public function __destruct()
    {
        $this->close();
    }

    public function __get($name)
    {
        $return = null;
        if (in_array($name, self::$deferredProperties) && is_callable(array($this, $getter = '__get_' . $name))) {
            $return = $this->$name = $this->$getter();
        }
        return $return;
    }

    /**
     * Get Effective Url
     *
     * @access private
     */
    private function __get_effectiveUrl()
    {
        return $this->getInfo(CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL);
    }

    /**
     * Get RFC 2616
     *
     * @access private
     */
    private function __get_rfc2616()
    {
        return array_fill_keys(self::$RFC2616, true);
    }

    /**
     * Get RFC 6265
     *
     * @access private
     */
    private function __get_rfc6265()
    {
        return array_fill_keys(self::$RFC6265, true);
    }

    /**
     * Get Total Time
     *
     * @access private
     */
    private function __get_totalTime()
    {
        return $this->getInfo(CURLINFO_TOTAL_TIME);
    }

    /**
     * Build Cookies
     *
     * @access private
     */
    private function buildCookies()
    {
        // Avoid using http_build_query() as unnecessary encoding is performed.
        // http_build_query($this->cookies, '', '; ');
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_COOKIE, implode('; ', array_map(function ($k, $v) {
            return $k . '=' . $v;
        }, array_keys($this->cookies), array_values($this->cookies))));
    }

    /**
     * Build Url
     *
     * @access private
     * @param  $url
     * @param  $mixed_data
     *
     * @return string
     */
    private function buildUrl($url, $mixed_data = '')
    {
        $query_string = '';
        if (!empty($mixed_data)) {
            $query_mark = strpos($url, '?') > 0 ? '&' : '?';
            if (is_string($mixed_data)) {
                $query_string .= $query_mark . $mixed_data;
            } elseif (is_array($mixed_data)) {
                $query_string .= $query_mark . http_build_query($mixed_data, '', '&');
            }
        }
        return $url . $query_string;
    }

    /**
     * Download Complete
     *
     * @access private
     * @param  $fh
     */
    private function downloadComplete($fh)
    {
        if (!$this->error && $this->downloadCompleteCallback) {
            rewind($fh);
            $this->call($this->downloadCompleteCallback, $fh);
            $this->downloadCompleteCallback = null;
        }

        if (is_resource($fh)) {
            fclose($fh);
        }

        // Fix "PHP Notice: Use of undefined constant STDOUT" when reading the
        // PHP script from stdin. Using null causes "Warning: curl_setopt():
        // supplied argument is not a valid File-Handle resource".
        if (!defined('STDOUT')) {
            define('STDOUT', fopen('php://stdout', 'w'));
        }

        // Reset CURLOPT_FILE with STDOUT to avoid: "curl_exec(): CURLOPT_FILE
        // resource has gone away, resetting to default".
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_FILE, STDOUT);

        // Reset CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER to tell cURL to return subsequent
        // responses as the return value of curl_exec(). Without this,
        // curl_exec() will revert to returning boolean values.
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
    }

    /**
     * Parse Headers
     *
     * @access private
     * @param  $raw_headers
     *
     * @return array
     */
    private function parseHeaders($raw_headers)
    {
        $raw_headers = preg_split('/\r\n/', $raw_headers, null, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
        $http_headers = new CaseInsensitiveArray();

        $raw_headers_count = count($raw_headers);
        for ($i = 1; $i < $raw_headers_count; $i++) {
            if (strpos($raw_headers[$i], ':') !== false) {
                list($key, $value) = explode(':', $raw_headers[$i], 2);
                $key = trim($key);
                $value = trim($value);
                // Use isset() as array_key_exists() and ArrayAccess are not compatible.
                if (isset($http_headers[$key])) {
                    $http_headers[$key] .= ',' . $value;
                } else {
                    $http_headers[$key] = $value;
                }
            }
        }

        return array(isset($raw_headers['0']) ? $raw_headers['0'] : '', $http_headers);
    }

    /**
     * Parse Request Headers
     *
     * @access private
     * @param  $raw_headers
     *
     * @return \Curl\CaseInsensitiveArray
     */
    private function parseRequestHeaders($raw_headers)
    {
        $request_headers = new CaseInsensitiveArray();
        list($first_line, $headers) = $this->parseHeaders($raw_headers);
        $request_headers['Request-Line'] = $first_line;
        foreach ($headers as $key => $value) {
            $request_headers[$key] = $value;
        }
        return $request_headers;
    }

    /**
     * Parse Response
     *
     * @access private
     * @param  $response_headers
     * @param  $raw_response
     *
     * @return mixed
     *   If the response content-type is json:
     *     Returns the json decoder's return value: A stdClass object when the default json decoder is used.
     *   If the response content-type is xml:
     *     Returns the xml decoder's return value: A SimpleXMLElement object when the default xml decoder is used.
     *   If the response content-type is something else:
     *     Returns the original raw response unless a default decoder has been set.
     *   If the response content-type cannot be determined:
     *     Returns the original raw response.
     */
    private function parseResponse($response_headers, $raw_response)
    {
        $response = $raw_response;
        if (isset($response_headers['Content-Type'])) {
            if (preg_match($this->jsonPattern, $response_headers['Content-Type'])) {
                if ($this->jsonDecoder) {
                    $args = $this->jsonDecoderArgs;
                    array_unshift($args, $response);
                    $response = call_user_func_array($this->jsonDecoder, $args);
                }
            } elseif (preg_match($this->xmlPattern, $response_headers['Content-Type'])) {
                if ($this->xmlDecoder) {
                    $args = $this->xmlDecoderArgs;
                    array_unshift($args, $response);
                    $response = call_user_func_array($this->xmlDecoder, $args);
                }
            } else {
                if ($this->defaultDecoder) {
                    $response = call_user_func($this->defaultDecoder, $response);
                }
            }
        }

        return $response;
    }

    /**
     * Parse Response Headers
     *
     * @access private
     * @param  $raw_response_headers
     *
     * @return \Curl\CaseInsensitiveArray
     */
    private function parseResponseHeaders($raw_response_headers)
    {
        $response_header_array = explode("\r\n\r\n", $raw_response_headers);
        $response_header  = '';
        for ($i = count($response_header_array) - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
            if (stripos($response_header_array[$i], 'HTTP/') === 0) {
                $response_header = $response_header_array[$i];
                break;
            }
        }

        $response_headers = new CaseInsensitiveArray();
        list($first_line, $headers) = $this->parseHeaders($response_header);
        $response_headers['Status-Line'] = $first_line;
        foreach ($headers as $key => $value) {
            $response_headers[$key] = $value;
        }
        return $response_headers;
    }

    /**
     * Set Encoded Cookie
     *
     * @access private
     * @param  $key
     * @param  $value
     */
    private function setEncodedCookie($key, $value)
    {
        $name_chars = array();
        foreach (str_split($key) as $name_char) {
            if (isset($this->rfc2616[$name_char])) {
                $name_chars[] = $name_char;
            } else {
                $name_chars[] = rawurlencode($name_char);
            }
        }

        $value_chars = array();
        foreach (str_split($value) as $value_char) {
            if (isset($this->rfc6265[$value_char])) {
                $value_chars[] = $value_char;
            } else {
                $value_chars[] = rawurlencode($value_char);
            }
        }

        $this->cookies[implode('', $name_chars)] = implode('', $value_chars);
    }

    /**
     * Initialize
     *
     * @access private
     * @param  $base_url
     */
    private function initialize($base_url = null)
    {
        $this->id = uniqid('', true);
        $this->setDefaultUserAgent();
        $this->setDefaultTimeout();
        $this->setOpt(CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT, true);

        // Create a placeholder to temporarily store the header callback data.
        $header_callback_data = new \stdClass();
        $header_callback_data->rawResponseHeaders = '';
        $header_callback_data->responseCookies = array();
        $this->headerCallbackData = $header_callback_data;
        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, createHeaderCallback($header_callback_data));

        $this->setOpt(CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
        $this->headers = new CaseInsensitiveArray();
        $this->setUrl($base_url);
    }
}

/**
 * Create Header Callback
 *
 * Gather headers and parse cookies as response headers are received. Keep this function separate from the class so that
 * unset($curl) automatically calls __destruct() as expected. Otherwise, manually calling $curl->close() will be
 * necessary to prevent a memory leak.
 *
 * @param  $header_callback_data
 *
 * @return callable
 */
function createHeaderCallback($header_callback_data) {
    return function ($ch, $header) use ($header_callback_data) {
        if (preg_match('/^Set-Cookie:\s*([^=]+)=([^;]+)/mi', $header, $cookie) === 1) {
            $header_callback_data->responseCookies[$cookie[1]] = trim($cookie[2], " \n\r\t\0\x0B");
        }
        $header_callback_data->rawResponseHeaders .= $header;
        return strlen($header);
    };
}
